Richards Realm

The manners of Knowledge By the Kingdoms of Direction

Newspaper of Research Educatif applied (AERJ)

22 (3) 2009

Ayn Rand The atlas Raised itself: An Epistemological, the Philosophical and Comparative Treatment base on the Theoretical Framework of the book The manners of Knowledge By the Kingdoms of Direction by William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

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RESUME

The goal of this item is to show how the writings of Rand of Ayn can be understood and can be developed by the work of Dr. William HAS. Kritsonis using the The manners of Knowledge By the Kingdoms of Direction. In the literary masterpiece of The atlas Raised itself, Mrs the Rand brings its philosophical views living by the narrative of his history and lives and the dramatic events does facing by each of its fictitious characters. Its views on objectivism, capitalism, and the sexuality of the inherent man is only little of the controversial subjects discussed in his book and revealed poignamment by the themes and the motives of his to stimulate and the difficult novel, The atlas Raised itself.

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The First Kingdom: Symbolic

The first kingdom of direction is symbolic. "These direction are contained in the arbitrary symbolic structures, with the rules socialesment admitted of formation and of transformation, created as the instruments for the expression and the communication of any direction that this be. These symbolic systems in a respect constitute the more of basic principle of all the kingdoms of direction in than they must be employed to express the direction in each of the other kingdoms" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 11).

The atlas Raised itself Is numerous with the symbolic communication. The themes, the symbols, and the motives adds the intrigue, the interest and the mystery to the style of writing of Rand of Ayn and ready the credit to his literary expertise and its ideas and its philosophical convictions. The symbolism in The atlas Raised itself Add the depth and the complexity to its constructions of general direction and the analytical observations.

One of the first and most of the evident symbols of his novel are found in the title, The atlas Raised itself. The atlas, in the Greek mythology, held the sky burden on his shoulder. To John Galt, and the social productive others, the world weight was placed on their shoulders as they bother the responsibilities to produce for a world redduient of reason, of force, and of recognition.

The dollar sign becomes the symbol of a strike of the spirit conducted by John Galt. By every striker symbolically associating itself with the dollar sign, the strikers illustrate intuitively their conviction in capitalism and the reward of the capitalists. In The atlas Raised itself, There is not weighed shame with the money possession. Rather, it is seen as just the compensation for the productivity and the imagination.

Another inherent symbol to the comprehension of The atlas Raised itself Is the bracelet Rearden created using his new metallurgical discovery. The bracelet is symbolic work of life of entire Rearden and accomplishments. The bracelet is beautiful, but ignored by his woman, just as the development of the new Rearden in metal created is seen as a threat to those that does not care for or appreciates ingenuousness, the imagination, and the invention. Despite the resistance that Rearden did facing with his new discovery, the metal it conceived and developed is a beautiful representation of beauty practices that can be found of a work of individual life and the engagement.

The motors were so symbolic through the novel The atlas Raised itself. The motor conceived by John Galt had the strength to exploit energy and furnishes the strength to the world. Without the motor, the world production would come to a stop. The it is symbolic strength of the spirit and how the producers are necessary in the world to supply the thoughts and the creative capacities of the true thinkers in the order for the world to survive and become productively active and successful.

The Second Kingdom: Empirical

"The second empirical kingdom, includes the sciences of the physical world, of living things, and of man. These sciences furnish factual descriptions, the generalizations, and wordings and the theoretical explanations that are based on the observation and the experimentation in the question world, life, the spirit, and the corporation" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 12).

John Galt: The Physicist

In The atlas Raised itself, "One of the producers, John Galt, a Titan among the physicists, decide the this is the time for 'the Atlases,' the men that carried the world on their shoulders to stop supporting [their] the destructive ones ae" to raise itself" (Moritz, 1982, p. 234). His science took advantage the plundering ones, those that lives of his own imagination and of own expertise. In a decision to proliferate a spirit strike, "it backs up himself with the others "producers" to a citadel of secret mountain in the Colorado. There they remain until, in their absence, their chore of industry and commerce to a stop and the social collectivist system collapses" (Moritz, 1982, p. 234). With the corporation collapse that was known once, Galt gives to an unending speech to say the word that the fight is on. "The road is clarifyed. We return to the world," said Galt, as the elite band reappears and it, student "his hand on the deserted earthae¦.trace[s] in spaces the dollar sign" (Moritz, 1982, p. 234).

Biology

Biology is the life science. For those that believes that this man is nothing more just a physics is without a soul or without a spirit, their conclusions are the in line with Dr. Pritchett, one of the characters in The atlas Raised itself. "The man? Which is the man? It is just a collection of chemical products with the magnitude illusions" (the Rand, 1999, p. 131). Those that marry this man are nothing more than a metaphysical creation is less probable to believe in the supremacy of the soul and the spirituality virtue that demands the responsibility and the surrender to an objective of life and higher model than a clean one oneself and is. Dr. the commentaries of Pritchett continue, "once it [the man] goes counts that it be of no importance although in vast arrangement of the universe, it will go counts that no possible meaning attached to its activities" (the Rand, 1999, p. 132).

In The atlas Raised itself, THE abortion is mentioned as a state right. The State of the People of needs of Mexico "everyone student the level of life and furnishes a pork roast all the Sundays for every man, every woman, every child and every abortion in the State of the People of Mexico" (the Rand, 1999, p. 123). To the first edition of The atlas Raised itself, The abortion was illegal to the United States. The debate for a "the right of the woman" did not result completely in this country until the judgement of Eggs vs. Advance painfully in 1973. This is another example of how the controversial social problems were rooted in the writings of Rand of same Ayn before the problems attained an equal national forum of discussion and of debate.

Socialism

Socialism is a "the economical system in that the government possesses some factors of production and has a role in to determine what and how the items are products" (Clayton, 1995, p. 567). In The atlas Raised itself, The socialist ideas began emerging that threatened the method of capitalist life. Those that bought in the method of socialist life included those that supported a new initiative of government authorized the "the Egalisation of Bill of Occasion". This bill goal was to put limits on the capitalist production, limiting therefore capitalists and creative contractors of becomes too powerful or rich.

The "the Egalisation of Bill of Occasion" tried also to put limits on the production of the creative and literary spirit. Balph Eubank, a literary leader of his time, was for the "the Egalisation of Bill of Occasion". "Certainly, I approve it. Our culture flowed in a materialism marsh. The men lost all witty values in their pursuit of material production and of deception technological. .. So must place us a limit on their material eagerness" (the Rand, 1999, p. 133). Eubank wanted to return his creative spirit to the state. "It travaillerait very simply," said Eubank. "There should be a law limiting the sale of any book to ten thousand copiesae¦Si the people were defended to buy a million copies of the same piece of losses, they would be forced to buy better books" (the Rand, 1999, p. 134).

To the United States, the citizens are encouraged to improve on the inventions, create again horizons, and develop again services and the new products that will take advantage humanity. Without the profit motive, a lot of our bigger inventions and our bigger accomplishments probably would not have been attained. The rand is against the socialist corporations that take the rights of the individual for diluted it the advantage of the masses that chooses of not to produce or create to their more top and most potential fullest.

Communism

Karl Marx composed The Communist Program In 1848. It divided the corporation in two groups. The first group was the proledtariat. These were the people with no means of production that had their wins bread to the second group in the corporation, the middle class, more better known as the capitalists. His corporation division is analogous to the two major groups "to the war" in The atlas Raised itself, The plundering and the strikers.

The plundering ones were people that did not use their own imaginations or to be able to create it wealth. They were totally dependent on the creative thinkers in the world, that became later known as the "the spirit strikers". The strikers were those that created, constructs, and organized the framework for the modern corporation. In The atlas Raised itself When the "the spirit strikers" the left corporation, the corporation as it beforehand was known collapsed.

Theoretical communism declares that if everyone was equal, "everyone would produce of their better, and everyone would consume to the range of their needs" (Clayton, 1995, p. 476). Nevertheless, in the corporation of today, communism is proved himself to be a gloomy failure. In a pure Communist state, a career of man or woman is chosen for this special individual to a young age. Without taking account of their capacity or without taking account of their ambition, there is the "equality" in the salary for all. The educators, the doctors, the lawyers, the garbage men, and the street brooms is all equal one. When one no one is not challenged according to their own individual talents and according to the potential creative one, the production will diminish. Without the hope to attain any meaning in a life work, the corporation that himself would be reduced to a without intelligence, the proledtariat to that asks under a repressive and authoritarian form of government.

When the government possesses the means of production, there is not encouragement for the imagination. All is done in the name of the progress. The government direction, that holds supplies with a hand in iron, forbids the success to whoever wants to succeed or take advantage the exterior one of the sail of interventions of government and of legalities.

Capitalism

Capitalism could be considered one of the most of the basic disciplines in the kingdom of the social sciences. Capitalism is considered a pursuit virtuous by Rand and a lot of its primary characters in the novel. The atlas Raised itself Epouse the virtues and the advantages of a pure capitalist corporation and tries to pronounce and pronounce these values concisment through the novel, marrying the virtues of capitalism and the spirit strength.

Supreme to the perfect corporation John Galt believed would exist when the producers were responsible are the concept of "the free exchange and liberates spirits" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1067). The rand defines the capitalism as "a social system base on the recognition of individual rights, including the property rights, in which all property is possessed deprived some" (Uyl and Rasmussen, 1986, p. 173).

"One of the unique characteristics of defense of Rand of capitalism are that she does or consider capitalism a necessary evil (as does a lot of conservative) does or try to defend it simply in the advantage terms that it produces, as to do a lot of economists" (Uyl and Rasmussen, 1986, p. 173). The rand sees that the capitalism of a moral perspective that supplante the capitalism for the reasons puresment monetary and becomes then a mantra for a method of philosophical life that sets up on intelligence, rationality, and the reason.

"The moral reason of capitalism does not remain in the complaint of altruistic one that it represents the better manner to attain 'the general interest' ae¦The moral reason of lies of capitalism in the Fact that it this is the only system in keeping with the nature of the rational man, that it protects the survival of the man as The man, and that his judgement principle is justice" (Uyl and Rasmussen, 1986, p. 173).

In The atlas Raised itself, John Galt believes that a collective corporation will include those that want to work and appreciate the fruit of their own works. It predicts the end of a system conducted by plundering. In his place it sees a corporation that believes in the individual and the contributions that the individuals can do to their world and to the corporation. Do not do to leave plundering in this new world that are not committed to its objectives and philosophical bent, John Galt opens the door of invitation and of hospitality only to those that would choose to marry the virtues of an individualistic and capitalist corporation.

To those that should commit to a renunciation of their mentality pillaging, Galt declares, "when the plundering ones declare collapses, deprived better one of its slavesae¦. We will open the portals of our city to those that deserve to enter, a fireplace city, the pipe lines, the orchards, the markets and the houses invioledesae¦ae¦With the dollar sign as our symbol ae" the sign of free exchange and liberates spirits ae" we Will Transfer to claim this country once more of the wild powerless one that never discovered his nature, his direction, his splendor. Those that choose to join us will join ourselves; those that will not do have the strength to stop us; the hordes of wild ones were an obstacle to the men that carried the spirit banner" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1067).

"Market driving could be strong ease by the money usage, that furnishes a convenient means of edchangeae¦du not at all of view of comprehension and check, the money usage is very big importance, for him allows the economical activity mathematically to be measured. Because of the money system, the quality preferences quantitatively can be evaluated, and the powerful resources of mathematical calculation can be brought to concern the study and the direction of economical processes" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 266).

The symbol of Galt of John of the dollar was a cry scoffing at for the producers to produce and fall in the line with the pseudo-religion of wealth and of prosperity base on an individualistic capacity to produce and his or his pleasure of such activities. For Galt and its supporters, this was the success and the true gasoline of life.

To reiterate the value of a corporation of thought, John Galt speaks with the plundering ones in the consideration to that the reason retirement, the thought, and the imagination had brought to the world by the spirit strikers. "If you want to know that you lost when I stop and when my strikers deserted your mondeae”la position on lengthening empties ground in a wild range unexplored by the men and itself which request manner of survival would attain you and how much time would last you if you refused to think, with person around to teach you the movements, or, if you chose to think, how much Your spirit to be able to discoverae¦. to wonder if you could discover how to even to what the ground and growing your nourritureae¦dedcide then if the capacity men are exploited" (the Rand, 1999, pages. 1048-1049).

Feminism

To those that were taken to believes that a capitalist corporation was a devilish commodity, Dagny Taggart was a symbol of all that was wrong with a corporation base on capitalism and the productivity. She was woman, that for someone, had surpassed the limits of social acceptability in the Fact that she had not chosen to marry or establish a traditional house, that was such a pillar running of most of the houses during the time of the writing of initial one of The atlas Raised itself. Balph Eubank looked at on Dagny as "a symptom of the disease of our centuryae¦. the Machines destroyed humanityae¦There of the man an example of luiae”une woman that runs an iron way, instead of a practice of the beautiful trade of the trade to hand and carry children" (the Rand, 1999, p. 138).

In the writing of Rand, the marriage is not a value that is estimated, as testified in the marriage of Hank and Lillian Rearden. Mistaken Lillian his husband and his work. Hank tolerates simply his woman. The this is not until it meets Dagny, that it finds someone that will divide his love and his recognition for its objectives of work and life and the accomplishments.

The matters are not considered inopportune in the writings of Rand. The fidelity is not considered a virtue. There is not an in the long term, the approach committal to the marriage and to the sexual activity. Besides, the children never were mentioned in the text of The atlas Raised itself. In the world of Rand, if the literature truly reflects life, the children would have been a burden and therefore something that she would not have chosen to have or commit to.

The Third Kingdom: Aesthetic

"The third kingdom, the aesthetic one, contains the various arts, as the music, the visual arts, the movement arts, and the literature" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 12). In voant the artistic qualities of a literary work, meaning and the comprehension can be improved and deepened for a more intuitive comprehension and firmer of the direction and the specific nuances of a special work of literary genius and the artistic quality.

Art

"Ayn Rand held that the art is a "the reality recreation according to a judgements of value of the metaphysical artist. By his nature, therefore, a novel (as a statue or a symphony) does not demand or tolerates an explanatory foreword; the this is a contained automatically the universe, distant of the commentary, calling of a gesture the reader to enter, perceives, [and] to reply" (the Rand, 1999, p. ix).

When Rand talks about one created automatically the universe, she reflects his philosophical view of writing. The rand could create a reality of his clean one to choose by her wrote imaginations and its capacities and his creative expressive expertise. She could create pictures by the word write and transmits direction and the content philosophical by its own talents and its literary artistic competences.

Music

Richard Halley is Dagny Taggart the favorite composer. It is a skillful musician with a bend towards the beautiful writings concertos and beautiful operas. At the age of 24, first opera of Halley "Phaethon" was executed. It met with the humiliation of wide broadcasting and the electoral inability professional by the critics when his opera was booed and was harassed by the customers of his first musical beginning.

On his second beginning, its years later, it met with the success that it had longed for since his youth. Nevertheless, shortly after the reception of a magazine of praise of his execution of the musical composition, Halley disappeared. The it was another example of a producer leaving the "world" to go to the "perfects the world" edlitistes intellectuals that are backed up to a distant place that came to be known as the ravin of Galt of John, a place where the men could be the usage of productive their own talents and their own gifts, although they can be, for their own pleasure, their development, and Personal reward.

Literature

The atlas Raised itself Is a mixture of kinds and of literary devices that combines a fluid history of romance and likes based on Rand of Ayn convictions philosophical the most basic ones. "The atlas Raised itself Is more myth than the novel. Lack the heroes of Rand and the heroins are divine creatures that, in their forces Ledviathan, withstand the cruelty of the puny pernicieux around them and attains their ends to will" (Riley, 1975, p. 423).

The reason and rationality were together bases it for the novel The atlas Raised itself. Before beginning never a novel, "the Rand of Ayn wrote voluminous in its newspapers of his theme, plot, and characters" (the Rand, 1999, ix). In his newspaper writing for The atlas Raised itself, The Rand showed "his spirit in the action, confiding even while groping, resolved even when jammed, eloquent luminous although completely not edited. These newspapers are also a file of fascinating the detailed birth of a work of immortal art" (the Rand, 1999, p. ix).

"Ayn Rand goal basic as a novelist was of not to present any mean or even heroes with the errors, but the man idedalae”le coherent, the completely integrated, the perfect one" (the Rand, 1999, p. xii). The perfect man in The atlas Raised itself Is John Galt. It is heroic in the nature and a "dominating the face that moves itself the world and the novel" (the Rand, 1999, p. xii). Galt truly is man for all seasons and all times and is crucial to the history and the philosophical views found in Atlas Raised.

The rand relates to each of the characters in the book in the different and distinctive manners and presupposes characteristics for implied every face in the novel. The incarnate ideas are" for the ideal of Dagny It; for the friend of Rearden It, and for Francisco of Anconia-l'aristocrate; to James Taggart it threatens It eternal; and to the Professor ae" his conscience" (the Rand, 1999, p. xiii).

The writings of the rand gave the momentum to philosophies and to the objectives that inspired a lot to take a new one looks at occasions and different options to personnel the accomplishment and the success. The rand grants itself that she seems "to be theoretical philosopher and a fiction writer" (the Rand, 1999, xiv). The rand wrote for the discovery. "For my goal, the non fictional form of abstracted knowledge does not interest me; the final and applied form of fiction does. I wonder in which measure I represent a special phenomenon in this respect" (the Rand, 1999, xiv). The rand believed also as she was a lot of as his character, John Galt. "It is a combination of a philosopher abstracts and an inventor practices; the thinker and the action man together" (the Rand, 1999, xiv).

For the Rand, his writing was romantic. In the writing, the Rand chose to do the characters or "black or the white one" context of their engagement to their own moray of values, ethics, and of methods of life. Therefore, the characters became one reflected the version of his own reality and of corporation as her perceived the this to be.

The Fourth Kingdom: Synnoetics

The fourth kingdom is synnoetics. "The direction in the kingdoms of synnoetics is subjective (and inter-subjectif) the concrete and existential" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 430). Synnoetics is relationel. There are two basic concepts in this kingdom that furnishes a deeper comprehension of man and his interaction with his world and these individuals that become a party relationelle of this world. The relation of I -IT is how we reply to the demonstrations and to unconscious structures and of this world. The relation of YOU JE-TU is how we react mutually and those react around us. Sexuality can be classified as a phenomenon of YOU JE-TU in the form of a relations and correct attributes.

Of a Freudian perspective, "the source of instinctive energy (notably the energy or the sexual libido) is the id. The id is considered as the party of the unconscious, A personality aspect to the under level of the conscious spirit" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 413). The relations between Dagny and those lss she chose to commit itself to were at the under level of the conscious spirit. Where the reason stopped, fascinated relations began.

In The atlas Raised itself, There are several interests of love with the principal female character of the novel, Dagny Taggart. These relations are every looked at of a different perspective base on the work of Dagny and the relation to every man that she committed herself to, even if only for a brief period of time.

The engagements to life never were a conditional party of the relations of intimate Dagny. Mostly, its relations first were based on the interests and the common objectives, then on romantic the passion and the desire. His love interests Hank Rearden include, John Galt, and Francisco.

The Fifth Kingdom: Ethique

Ethics, according to Dr. William HAS. Kritsonis, is that that "includes moral direction that the duty deliberately instead of the fact, the form perceptuelle, or the relation conscience" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 13). The morality, according to Dr. Kritsonis, is simply that "that reflects the comprehension inter-subjective. The morality must does with personal driving that is based on free, person in charge, deliberate the decision" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 13).

The view of the rand of morality is vindicated by his impressive representation of John Galt seen them fascinated expressed morality during his the long and cared one for speech on the morality and objectivism. "A rational process is a moral process. You can do an error to any step of him, with nothing to protect you but your own severity, or you can try to cheat, fake the proof and evades the effort of the quaateae”mais if the devotedness to the truth is the brand of factory of morality, then there is the not one bigger more heroic form nobler of devotedness than the act of a man Of thought" (the Rand, 1999,. 1017).

For John Galt, the reason was the moral basis of all life. "My morality, the reason morality, is contained in an only axiom: Exist and of existence in an only choice: to live. To live, hold must hold three things as the supreme value and of judgement of his life: The raison-but-soi-l'estime. These three values imply and demand all virtues of the man, and all its virtues retrieve themselves to the relation of existence and to the conscience: Rationality, the independence, integrity, honesty, justice, productiveness, and be to trust" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1018).

The rand does not believe that the man has a moral responsibility to his or his neighbor. This principle of theory of ethical Rand appears to the first blow of eye to be hard and indifferent. John Galt reaffirmed the theory of Rand of isolation and moralism and held that such attributes were correct and fitting in his clean world-wide view. "Not to say that my morality is too lasts to practice you and that you fear it as you fear the unknown one. You continued to sacrificing your virtues to your vices, and the better one among the men to the worse one. These gloomy debris, that is now your world, is the physical form of the treason that you committed to your values, to your friends, to your defenders, to your future, to your country, to you" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1060).

The question student, "When to do the needs of other supplantent an own needs and an own desires"? According to Rand in his book, The Virtue of Egoa¯sme, There are times when she believes that the it is acceptable for others to help. "Any action that a man undertakes to the profit of those lss it does not like is a sacrifice if, in the hierarchy of its values, in the total context of the open choices to him, it attains that that is bigger personnel (and rational) the importance to him" (the Rand, 1964, p. 51).

Ethical decisions and every morals has their own consequences. The rand believes also as in all ethical decisions, the ultimate choice of which one is just or bad lies with the individual. She believes that "the moral goal of a life of the man is the accomplishment of his own happiness" (the Rand, 1999, p. 55). Selfishness, therefore, remain a strong founding principle of Rand bases ethical and philosophical morale for his view idyllique of corporation and of life.

The Sixth Kingdom: Synoptique

Synoptique refers itself "to the direction that are completely intedgratif" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 13). The covers synoptiques the kingdoms of "the history, philosophy, and the religion" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 13). The comprehension of the kingdom synoptique of direction in these fields allows a continuity to understand that the assistance to develop a deeper direction and understanding specific studied work.

History

The historic paralledlismes can be found in the history of The atlas Raised itself And the important events in our country history. In 1939, Albert Einstein informed the President Franklin D. Roosevelt that the Germans had the all to do an atomic bomb. The first country to develop this method of massive destruction would be at a decisive advantage in the framework of predominance and global in power.

Einstein in someway equals the spirit strikers when it decides to leave Germany and begins his new work to the United States. Just as John Galt did not want inconsiderate men to harvest the advantages or the responsibilities the genius to him creative, Einstein did not want the Germans, that it considered a danger and a threat to the world known, have the strength of the atomic bomb.

The inconsiderate men with this form impredvisible again strength could cause the destruction and the chaos engraves to the world known. Einstein knew that this and took the decision to join forces with the United States to give his strength and his creative genius to a country that would be responsible and prudent in his treaty this new form of strength and of technology.

Another historic analogy can be noted when the State of the People of Mexico promises a "the pork roast all the Sundays" (the Rand, 1999, p. 123). This is analogous to the promises of country of Franklin D. Roosevelt when it recommended that the lack and poverty would be soon a thing of the passed. It promised a "the chicken in every jar" to every American that would believe in and supports his offer for the presidency of the United States of America.

Philosophy

"Philosophy furnishes analytical clarification, the evaluation, and the synthetic coordination of all the others kingdoms by a conceptual interpretation reflecting of all possible types of direction in their characteristic and in their reports" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 13). Ayn Rand believed that the virtuous personal interest has supplanted all morality and all goodness. She "challenged philosophies running of our time with objectivism, a 'the personal rational interest morality' denying all forms of altruism, including the religion, as the "collectivist" takes to the incompatible trap with a free corporation" (Moritz, 1982, p. 331).

While shouting The atlas Raised itself, "The Rand of Ayn must goes beyond ethics: she must originates a new system of philosophy, identifying the nature of means of the man of knowledge and universe that it tries to know" (the Shell and Peikoff, 1999, p. 290). Mrs the philosophical prejuged of Rand remains with his theory of objectivism. His philosophy of objectivism is reflected in the pages of the original Raised Atlas. His philosophy essentially is based on selfishness and the individuality of the person that chooses to take the responsibility for his or its actions and is responsible of their clean view of happiness and personal success.

"My philosophy in the gasoline," Rand of missed Blow said, "is the concept of man as a heroic one is with his own happiness as the moral goal of his life, with the productive accomplishment as his activity more noble, and his reason as his only guide" (Moritz, 1999, p. 332). The philosophy of Rand of Ayn of states of objectivism that "the reality exists as an absolute objective, the reason is the only means of the man to perceive the reality, the man is an end in itself, and the political ideal economical system is a liberalism capitalism" (the Institute of Rand of Ayn, 1996). The speech of Galt of John in The atlas Raised itself Reflect philosophical Rand bent towards his reasoned position on objectivism and his value to a coherent and productive corporation.

The Philosophies of Objectivist of the rand

In the novel, The atlas Raised itself, The perception of Galt of John of the world conceptualise around him the views of the objectivist of the Rand of Ayn and philosophies. Therefore, the it is important to see how its true philosophical asserted views are reflected in the fictitious writings of The atlas Raised itself. Every axiom can be seen by the eyes of her created and heroic character, John Galt.

The axiom of Objectivist #1: "The reality exists as an absolute objectifae”les do are facts, independent of sensations of the man, the wishes, the hopes or the fears" (the Institute of Rand of Ayn, 1996). In The atlas Raised itself, John Galt declares, "the Reality is that that exists; the unreal one does not exist; the unreal one is simply that the existence negation that is the content of a human conscience when it stretched to abandon the reason. The truth is the reality recognition; the reason, the only means of the man of knowledge, is his only norm of truth" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1017).

The axiom of Objectivist #2: "The hommeae”chaque hommeae”est an end in itself, not the means for the purpose of others. It must exist for his clean one well, or their sacrificing itself or others sacrificing itself. The pursuit the personal interest to him rational and of his own happiness is the highest moral goal of his life" the Institute of Rand of Ayn, 1996). The happiness, therefore, as explained by the words of John Galt "is the successful state of life. The happiness is this conscience state that proceeds from the accomplishment of the one esteem" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1014).

The axiom of Objectivist #3: "The political ideal economical system is liberalism capitalism. The this is a system where the men treat the one the other, not as the victims and the butchers, or as the masters and the slaves, but as the merchants, by the free and voluntary exchange to the mutual advantage. In a system of full capitalism, there should be (, but historically was not) a separation completes state and the economical science, in the same manner and for the same reasons as the separation of state and of church" (the Institute of Rand of Ayn, 1996).

The perception of Galt of John of the political ideal economical system saw the ultimate view of man as the one that was totally master of his life and his work. It believed that "every man is free to rise also moved away as it can or do, but it is only the degree to which it thinks that that determines the degree to which it will rise" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1064). Nevertheless, Galt holds the scorn for those that takes advantage of the contributions of those that attained their potential one and exists at the top of the intellectual and the creative pyramid of intellect and the knowledge and the creative strength, and nevertheless not to produce itself.

"In proportion of the mental energy that it spent, the man that creates a new invention receives but a small percentage of his value in the terms of material payment, regardless fortune that it does, regardless of million that it wins" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1066). Therefore, in the spirit of Galt, just like Rand, there is a disproportionate reward for those that creates and for those that simply takes intellectual imagination of others.

The motto for the theory of objectivist of Galt is found at the end of his to the infamous and revealing speech that has personnified its views on the corporation, life, objectivism, and the reasons for his world departure, even if only for a partial unemployment. "You will win when you are ready to pronounce the oath that I took at first of my combatae”et for those that wishes to know the day of my return, I will repeat it now to the entendt to talk about the world: "I recommend my life and my love of him, that I never will live for the good of another man, or to ask another man to live for mine" (the Rand, 1999, p. 1069).

The speech of Galt totally is aligned with the philosophy of basic Rand of the nature and of goal of selfishness in one of life of business just like personal. "Since selfishness is 'the worry with an own interests', the ethics of objectivist uses this concept in his exact direction and the purest one. The this is not a concept that the one can go to the enemies of the man, or to the inconsiderate false ideas, the deformations, the prejudices and the fears of the ignorant one and the irrational one. The assault on selfishness is an assault on the self-esteem of the man" (the Rand, 1964, p. xi). This assault on a self-esteem was not an assault that John Galt chose to leave emerges in his own personal life. Therefore, it backed up himself to win the supremacy on his own life, its thoughts and its creative capacities.

The selfishness to Rand and to Galt was not something to be avoided. Selfishness was to be kissed and to be celebrated. The views of the rand were that the assault on selfishness was "an assault on the self-esteem of the man; the one return, is to return the other" (the Rand, 1964, p. xi). As the final personal interest of Galt took it to back up itself of a corporation that it believed was understood moochers and of plundering ones, it shows completely his philosophical agreement and morale with Rand that the idea and the selfishness practice as a virtue should be rented and should be high held in the kingdoms of honor and the intellectual esteem.

Galt, although not a philosopher, influenced trade his generation by his clean thought and his philosophical engagement to its ideas. Its contributions those surpassed of this manner that only a scientist could bring forward. "Maybe the biggest contribution of the analytical philosophers is their personal witness to the importance of direction and their faith in the possibility to do the direction to clarify" (Kritsonis, 2007, p. 73). Galt contributed, in the gasoline, the new direction and the new life by his innovative direction and its philosophies objectify and its premises and its intellectual pursuits.

Religion

Ayn Rand was an atheistic self-proclaimed one. His "god" was the capitalist corporation where every man produced of his own individualism and own imagination. Love a god, as the Christian God, was To Lack Rand a representation of innocence and a misunderstanding of the essential goal of life.

In the Christian gospel, the value of the individual is supreme. So rich or poor, known or hidden immensity of corporation and his existence, Christianity presupposes the value of the individual. God, as the Creator, estimate the individual and furnishes a buyback manner for his creation to guarantee their eternal happiness, their reward, and their eternal longevity that are guaranteed to those that believe in Him and to the confidence in His providence and to the direction through the life with the hope to obtain an in line of future and destined with the goals of God and the conception.

For the Rand, the individual that is not in accordance with his romantic idealized version of life is potentially unworthy respect or of consideration. This view could have influenced his view of abortion and the rights of the again born step, that to the birth truly are non-producers and that are totally dependent on someone of other cares for, generosity, and the engagement to the Rand, "an embryo has not any rights. The rights do not retrieve themselves to a potential one, only to a true one to be. A child cannot obtain rights until the this was born" (the Shell and Peikoff, 1999, p. 337). The view of the rand of abortion is that the this is a "the moral right that should have left for only the discretion of the implied woman" (the Shell and Peikoff, 1999, p. 337).

It is interesting to note, that in The atlas Raised itself, Sexuality is not mentioned as a procreation form, but simply as an encounter act that does not demand the continual engagement or a dedicates to a relation that has the capacity to transcend the time and becomes a complete party of an entire one is and the legs of ultimate life.

The ideology of the rand is in a lot in a manner in the direct constraste to the values and to Christian virtues. Christianity marries the importance of a triune God that is benevolent and caring for to the humanity population. By opposition, god of the Rand was materialist. The heroic characters of the rand were those that lived for itself. The sexuality of Taggart of Dagny was in the direct constraste to the Christian teachings of morality and to purity. Where the Christians are warned "to die to an oneself", the Rand encourages the "the oneself life." Nevertheless, the writings of the Rand gives the clever student of philosophy that a chance to compare and contrast the values of the world and chooses therefore for oneself them own vision of morality and justice.

Final remarks

In conclusion, The atlas Raised itself Is a novel base on the importance of rationality and it own individuality of the man and choice liberty. There are ten major problems that are discussed in the novel and that ready the credit to the views of philosophical Rand that include the goal of fate of life and man and the responsibilities for the happiness and the individualized success. Ten eminent themes sketched in Atlas Raised Include, but are not exclusive of: (1) The theory of the Rand of objectivism (2) capitalism (3) socialism (4) communism (as seen by the work division (c.-a -d., the plundering and the spirit strikers) (5) feminism (6) a right of the woman to choose (7) the spirituality of the man (8) the sexuality of the man (9) the art in the literature and life and (10) the historic analogies of The atlas Raised itself With true historic events. While securing Rand of Ayn The atlas Raised itself, the readers can win a new recognition of its philosophical and literary contributions to our corporation and how their applications to everyday life and to the academic study can improve a research for the knowledge using the complete framework of the The manners of Knowledge By the Kingdoms of Direction.

References

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Kritsonis, W.UN. (2007). The knowledge manners by the direction kingdoms (Pages. 11, 12, 73,266,413,430). Houston, Texas: National forum.

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